The word "motive" has a lot of different (although highly related) meanings. I suggest you go ahead to learn about "pure Chow motives" first, before looking at the more complicated theory of mixed motives.
For motivation, it is necessary to have seen at least one Weil-cohomology theory, so you might want to have a look at the Weil conjectures, too.
For technical stuff, you should know what an abelian category is (and then learn the rest along the way).
Related to the theory of motives are also: K-Theory, (stable) homotopy theory of schemes, intersection theory (Chow groups). If you have an interest in any of these topics, it might be good to look at a treatment that covers the relationsship between this and motives, to give a little bit more motivation.
Since there is no abelian category of mixed motives yet, but instead what "feels like" it's derived category, you might want to learn a little bit about derived categories and triangulated categories before walking to (Voevodsky's theory of) mixed motives.
Of course, there is also the AMS Notices article What is ... a motive? by Barry Mazur.
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