Monday, 3 June 2013

dg.differential geometry - Spin structures on 7-dimensional spherical space forms

Background



Let $M$ be a spin manifold and let $Gamma$ be a finite group acting freely and isometrically on $M$ in such a way that $M/Gamma$ is a smooth riemannian manifold. The quotient will be spin if and only if the action of $Gamma$ on $M$ lifts to the spin bundle.



For reasons having to do with $11 = 7 + 4$, I got interested in $M=S^7$ with the round metric. There is a unique spin structure on $S^7$ and the spin bundle is
$$mathrm{Spin}(7) to mathrm{Spin}(8) to S^7.$$



A while back, together with one of my students, we investigated which smooth quotients $S^7/Gamma$ are spin and how many inequivalent spin structures they admit. This boils down to determining the isomorphic lifts of $Gamma subset mathrm{SO}(8)$ to $mathrm{Spin}(8)$.



There are lots of finite subgroups $Gamma subset mathrm{SO}(8)$ acting freely on $S^7$, which are listed in Wolf's Spaces of constant curvature and to our surprise (this does not happen with $S^5$, say) we found that all quotients $S^7/Gamma$ are spin; although they do not all have the same number of spin structures. Our results were obtained by a case-by-case analysis, but we always remained with the sneaky suspicion that there ought to be a simple topological explanation.



Question



Is there one? Perhaps based on the parallelizability of $S^7$?



Thanks in advance.



Edit



I'm answering Chris's questions in the first comment below.



The problem is indeed the existence of a subgroup $Gamma' subset mathrm{Spin}(8)$ such that obvious square commutes:
$$Gamma' to Gamma to mathrm{SO}(8) = Gamma' to mathrm{Spin}(8) to mathrm{SO}(8)$$
and where the first map $Gamma' to Gamma$ is an isomorphism. This is the same as lifting $Gamma to mathrm{SO}(8)$ via the spin double cover.



The simplest counterexample for $S^5$ is to take any freely acting cyclic subgroup $Gamma subset mathrm{SO}(6)$ of even order.

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