What you have are two phrases (not subordinate clauses) that are in apposition to each other. Your are restating or expanding on the first expression: "None of them."
Most often, we think about noun-phrase apposition, from the simplest: "My brother, Chris" to the more complex:
"New York was no mere city. It was instead an infinitely romantic notion, the mysterious nexus of all love and money and power, the shining and perishable dream itself." -- Joan Didion
But any grammatical element can be put into apposition to any other element. Another example from Joan Didion:
"I think we are well advised to keep on nodding terms with the people we used to be, whether we find them attractive company or not. Otherwise they turn up unannounced and surprise us, come hammering on the mind's door at 4 A.M. of a bad night and demand to know who deserted them, who betrayed them, who is going to make amends."
At the end of the second sentence, she puts several adjective clauses in an appositional series.
One clue to apposition is whether you can switch the elements around: "Not a single one of them, none of them, tried to do it." The phrases are equivalent.
Didion examples from BrainyQuote.
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