Friday, 18 April 2014

stellar evolution - Are stars NML Cygni, UY Scuti, VY Canis Majoris and VV Cephei near the ends of their lives?

So far, I have been able to find information for only three of the stars: NML Cygni, VY Canis Majoris, and VV Cephei.



NML Cygni and VY Canis Majoris



Zhang et al. (2012) considered several values for $T_{text{eff}}$ (effective temperature) and $L$ (luminosity) and found that NML Cygni matches up with the evolutionary track of a star of mass $approx$ 25 M$_odot$, near the HR-diagram location of a similar star, VY Canis Majoris (denoted as VY CMa). Using these data points, the model estimates that NML Cygni is approximately 8 million years old and in the post-main sequence phase of its life.



However, NML Cygni is thought to be related to the Cygnus OB2 association, which has an age of 2-3 million years. This is strange because all the stars in the association should be nearly the same age (see also Knodlseder (2008)). That age may be questionable, however, as evidence for older stars nearby has been presented (see Wright et al. (2010)).



The exact location of VY Canis Majoris on the evolutionary tracks is not certain. Massey et al. (2006) created models that placed it on a lower-mass track to help it avoid the "forbidden zone" beyond the Hayashi limit.



VV Cephei



Based on standard parameters and stellar wind measurements, Bennett (2010) suggested that the red supergiant component of VV Cephei could be near the end of its life, assuming a mass of 20-25 M$_odot$

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