A particular quadratic Diophantine equation is NP-complete.
$R(a,b,c) Leftrightarrow exists X exists Y :aX^2 + bY - c = 0$
is NP-complete. ($a$, $b$, and $c$ are given in their binary representations. $a$, $b$, $c$, $X$, and $Y$ are positive integers).
Note that there are trivial bounds on the sizes of $X$ and $Y$ in terms of $a$, $b$, and $c$.
Kenneth L. Manders, Leonard M. Adleman: NP-Complete Decision Problems for Quadratic Polynomials. STOC 1976: 23-29
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