Alright, I think I should write my 2 cents here:
Obviously $Spec(mathbb{Q})$ and $mathbb{A}_K$ are not directly analogous, but they do appear to be in relation to this problem. It seems that they are related through the intermediary $Spec(F)$ where $F$ is a function field over an algebraically closed field. Shafarevich's conjecture holds for $Spec(F)$ (this is an earlier result).
If we take any smooth affine curve, $C$, over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic; and use the result that $pi_1^c(C)$ is pro-finite free. Every abelian covering of $C$ will give an abelian extension of $kappa(C)$ ($C$'s function field). However, there's no reason to think we get all abelian extensions of $kappa(C)$ that way. However $kappa(C)$ is also $kappa(D)$ for different smooth affine curves, so may use their abelian unramified covers.
To make some order of this, start with an abelian extension of $kappa(C)$, $L$. We may take $C$'s normalization in $L$. This may be branched at some points in $C$, but we may discard those. So any abelian extension of $kappa(C)$ comes from an abelian unramified cover of some possibly different smooth affine curve whose function field is $kappa(C)$.
It seems, however, extraordinary to expect that since $pi_1^c(Spec(kappa(C)))$ is pro-finite free, $pi_1^c(C)$ should be; for any affine curve $C$. Is there some secret motivation for thinking this that I'm missing?
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