nt.number theory - Cycle Length of the Positive Powers of Two Mod Powers of Ten

And if you insist, let me write this out in detail. All you need is the following lemma.

Lemma: Let f(n) be periodic with period p and let g be injective. Then g(f(n)) is periodic with period p.

Proof. Clearly g(f(n+p)) = g(f(n), so g(f(n)) has some period q dividing p. On the other hand, g(f(n+q)) = g(f(n)) for all n if and only if f(n+q) = f(n) for all n by injectivity, so q = p.

As I remarked above we have b_n = b for all but finitely many n and x -> CRT(x, b) is an injection. The result follows.