For revision of a paper (http://arxiv.org/abs/1008.1189), I'd like to
correct my references to the original work on aspects of the homotopy
groups pi_5 of SU(3) and pi_4 of SU(2). I'm not a mathematician. I
can barely read the introductions of math papers. So I'd appreciate
advice.
I realize that mathematicians don't bother with the original
references for such things. I'm just being a bit compulsive.
There are 4 points I'd like to reference correctly.
(1) pi_5 of SU(3) = Z
For this, I referenced Beno Eckmann's thesis:
B. Eckmann. Zur Homotopietheorie Gefaserter Raume. Comm. Math. Helv., 14:141–192, 1942.
The thread that led to this reference was:
J. Diedonne, A history of algebraic and differential topology. 1900--1960, MR995842.
page 411.
A. Borel, Collected Papers Volume 1, page 426
B. Eckmann, Espaces fibres et homotopie, Colloque de topologie
(espaces fibres), Bruxelles, 1950, MR0042705
I couldn't find a copy of the last. But I did find
B. Eckmann, Mathematical survey lectures 1943--2004, MR2269092.
which contained
B. Eckmann, "Is Algebraic Topology a Respectable Field", page 255:
'It was known in the thesis of the author already (1942) that
the homotopy groups pi_i U(n) are constant for nge (i+2)/2 for
even i and (i+1)/2 for odd i: these "stable" groups were known to
be 0 for i=0,2,4 and =Z for all odd i.'
Eckmann's thesis is available on-line from Comm.Math.Helv. As far as
I can tell given my limited ability to decipher topology written in
German, it does contain this result. I have no idea if the proof is
correct, though I'd guess it is, considering the respectability of
the author.
(2) SU(3) -> G_2 -> S^6 represents a generator of pi_5 of SU(3) = Z
I referenced
Lucas M. Chaves and A. Rigas. Complex reflections and polynomial
generators of homotopy groups. J. Lie Theory, 6(1):19–22, 1996.
MR1406003
from which I learned the fact. It seems hard to believe that there
isn't an early reference.
(3) A map S^5 -> SU(3) generates pi_5 iff its composition with SU(3) ->
SU(3)/SU(2)= S^{5} is a map S^5 -> S^5 of degree +1 or -1.
I thought I could see this in Eckmann's 1942 thesis, so I that's what I
referenced.
(4) The nontrivial element in pi_4 of SU(2) = Z_2 is represented by
the suspension of the Hopf fibration:
Freudenthal. Uber die Klassen der Spharenabbildungen. I. Große Dimensionen. Compos.
Math., 5:299–314, 1937.
A presentation of the suspension of the Hopf fibration is given by
[0,pi] x SU(2) -> SU(2)
(theta, g) -> g^(-1) exp(mu_3theta) g
where mu_3 is the diagonal generator of su(2) with
exp(mu_3pi) = -1.
I learned this from:
Thomas Puettmann and A. Rigas. Presentations of the first homotopy
groups of the unitary groups. Comment. Math. Helv.,
78:648–662, 2003. math/0301192
but there must be something earlier. Or is it too obvious?
Thanks for any help.
Daniel Friedan
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