A homogeneous continuum is a compact connected metric space X such that for any two points x,y there is a homeomorphism of X taking x to y. This obviously implies that X is locally the same everywhere (a priori, it is a stronger condition). There are plenty of examples in books on general topology. My favorite one is a solenoid, which is not a manifold because, for example, it is not locally connected.
ADDENDUM The Menger curve C (also known as the Menger sponge, Menger universal curve, and Sierpinski universal curve) is a one-dimensional locally connected continuum. R.D. Anderson proved a characterization which implies that C is n-point homogeneous and that, moreover, up to a homeomorphism, the circle and C are the only one-dimensional homogeneous locally connected continua.
Anderson, R. D. A characterization of the universal curve and a proof of its homogeneity. Ann. of Math. (2) 67 1958 313-324 MR
Anderson, R. D. One-dimensional continuous curves and a homogeneity theorem.
Ann. of Math. (2) 68 1958 1-16 MR
By the way, I am not a general topologist: all information can be easily found using web searches starting with "homogeneous continuum".
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