single word requests - Is there a special name for these big balloony toys in parks? (image included)

Worked for about five years at accompany that rented these out in the USA, and they were called jumping castles (when they resembled castles, and were for jumping in) and inflatables the rest of the time. This includes slides, Velcro walls, or obstacle courses as your picture indicates. The company has them listed generally as 'inflatables' on their site.

All About Parties

Note that jumping castles or bouncy houses are simply a more specific for of inflatable. The following photos are all from their website.

Jumping Castle, Bouncy House, or simply Bounce

45 foot obstacle course Inflatable

27 foot dual-lane Inflatable slide

I would add that there may also be regional differences. My experience was all in the southwestern USA.